
The Federal Reserve's hawkish monetary policy shift in mid-November 2025 sent significant shockwaves through cryptocurrency markets, triggering a substantial 15% volatility spike that fundamentally altered investor behavior and market dynamics. This policy stance created a pronounced "risk-off" sentiment across digital assets, with Bitcoin and Ethereum experiencing particularly acute price pressure during this period.
| Asset | Price Decline | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Ethereum | 15% | $460M leveraged long positions liquidated |
| Bitcoin | Significant decline | Correlation with S&P 500 reached 46% |
Historical data reveals a strong correlation between Federal Reserve actions and cryptocurrency price movements. During the COVID-era quantitative easing period from 2020-2021, Bitcoin surged substantially, whereas aggressive rate hikes and quantitative tightening in 2022 resulted in Bitcoin's value falling over 75% from its peak. This pattern demonstrates that monetary policy shocks consistently trigger cryptocurrency decline.
Despite Ethereum's 15% price drop to a four-month low of $2,625, large institutional traders on major platforms were incrementally increasing their long positions, suggesting potential market stabilization. The 46% correlation between Bitcoin and NASDAQ 100 in 2025 underscores how cryptocurrency markets now function as high-beta assets, responding rapidly to macroeconomic indicators and Fed policy announcements, making them particularly sensitive to interest rate expectations and inflation data releases.
Inflation data releases, particularly Consumer Price Index (CPI) reports, serve as significant catalysts for Bitcoin price movements, though the relationship is more nuanced than simple 10% fluctuations. According to March 2025 data, when the CPI indicated a 2.8% annual inflation rate, Bitcoin's price increased by approximately 2% to $82,000 as investors anticipated potential Federal Reserve interest rate cuts. This demonstrates that lower-than-expected inflation readings typically boost asset prices through positive market sentiment.
However, the correlation between inflation announcements and Bitcoin price changes varies considerably. In May 2024, Bitcoin recorded a 7.02% daily gain following a CPI announcement showing a decline from 3.5% to 3.4% annualized. Conversely, unfavorable inflation data produces inverse reactions. When July 2025 PPI data surged 0.9% month-over-month and 3.3% year-over-year, both exceeding forecasts and dampening expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies experienced sharp declines.
| Data Scenario | Market Response | Bitcoin Reaction |
|---|---|---|
| Lower inflation than expected | Positive sentiment | Price increase |
| Higher inflation than expected | Negative sentiment | Price decline |
| Stable inflation readings | Neutral sentiment | Minimal movement |
The volatility stems from market participants interpreting inflation data as signals for monetary policy direction. While 10% specific fluctuations remain uncommon, inflation announcements consistently generate measurable price movements within the 2-7% range, making these economic indicators essential for traders monitoring cryptocurrency markets.
The correlation between traditional financial markets and cryptocurrency has become increasingly significant in 2025. Research indicates a 0.30 correlation coefficient between gold prices and crypto market movements, while the S&P 500 demonstrates a notably stronger relationship with digital assets, reaching 0.88 correlation in mid-2025.
| Asset Pair | Correlation Coefficient | Market Behavior |
|---|---|---|
| S&P 500 & Crypto | 0.88 | Strong mutual influence |
| Gold (XAUUSD) & Crypto | 0.30 | Weak relationship |
| S&P 500 & Gold | Inverse at times | Different drivers |
Dollar movements function as the primary catalyst linking these markets. When the US Dollar Index declined 4.3% during January-March 2025, gold prices surged 12.7% simultaneously, while cryptocurrencies also rallied. Conversely, the 2.8% dollar strengthening in April-June 2025 triggered a 5.4% gold correction and corresponding crypto weakness.
Bitcoin specifically exhibits higher correlations with equities than with precious metals. This divergence suggests cryptocurrency behaves more like growth assets than traditional safe-haven stores of value. The 0.88 correlation with the S&P 500 reflects growing institutional adoption and market maturation of digital assets, contrasting sharply with gold's 0.30 correlation, which indicates their distinct risk profiles and investment purposes in modern portfolios.
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